Commendatory Preface = 1
Dr. Robert Butler
The Phenomenon of ``ghosting'' = 1
Ghosting Is a Colonial Phenomenon = 3
Racism and The Role of Intelligentsia = 6
Ghosting The African Civilian Rights = 11
Ghosting The African Criminal Justice = 13
Africa in The 1990s = 19
A Long Path of Democratic Transition = 24
Women's Rights = 27
Civil Strife, Genocide, and Slavery = 28
Victimizing The African Intellectual = 30
Facing Capital Punishment = 33
Popular Movement Versus Elite Government = 37
State Authoritarianism Versus African Populism = 37
African Demography: Poverty and Agricultural Development = 42
African Development Prospects = 49
The Case of The Gezira (sudan) = 53
Women and Governance = 73
Introduction = 73
International Instruments = 73
Inhibitions of Women's Decision Making = 74
Political and Cultural Negativity = 74
Women Handicapped by Violence = 77
Women's Economic Development in Africa = 79
Women's Employment in Industrial Countries = 79
African Debt and Adjustment Programs = 80
Structure and State of African Women's Employment = 81
Women's Political Development in Africa = 84
Recommendations = 91
Women and Religion = 95
International Law Protects Women's Right to Religion and Belief = 95
Manifestations of Intolerance Or Discrimination Based on Religion = 96
Is Religion a Source of Discrimination? = 98
Dynamic Aspects of Religion = 98
Criticizing Discrimination Based on Religion = 100
Reinterpreting Religion Through Feminist Eyes = 102
The Impact of Rituals in Women's Status = 104
Polygamy in The African Socio-religious Context = 109
Religion, Class, and Oppression = 112
Outside Human Rights Groups and Effective Coordination = 117
Human Rights National and Global Cooperation = 117
Strengthening National Ngos = 122
Professionalizing African Human Rights = 124
Recommendations to Reform African Ngos = 129
Escape Mechanisms on Reporting Human Rights Abuses = 131
The Human Rights Committee = 131
Communicating With Treaty Bodies = 132
African States Reporting before Committees = 135
The Case of a Fundamentalist Non-democratic State = 143
The Role Played by Ngos = 148
Conclusions and Recommendations = 148
Epilogue: Ghosting An African Nation -- Sudan = 151
Ghosting The Religion of Islam = 154
Ghosting The Sudanese Popular Islam = 158
The Failures of Ghosting = 159
The Persistence of Sufi Islam = 161
The Khatmiya and The Ansar Ideological Structure = 167
Democratizing The Sudanese Traditional Sects = 169
Appendix I: Maputo Declaration (2003) by African Civil Society Organizations = 177
Appendix Ii: on The Situation of Human Rights in Sudan (1993) from The Sudan Human Rights Organization Cairo Office = 184
Appendix Iii: to The United Nations Human Rights Commission (2003) from The Sudan Human Rights Organization Cairo Office = 189
Appendix Iv: African Union on Darfur (2003) = 194
Appendix V: Un Security Council Resolution on Darfur (sudan) (2004) = 198
Bibliography = 205
Name Index = 219
Subject Index = 223
Dr. Robert Butler
The Phenomenon of ``ghosting'' = 1
Ghosting Is a Colonial Phenomenon = 3
Racism and The Role of Intelligentsia = 6
Ghosting The African Civilian Rights = 11
Ghosting The African Criminal Justice = 13
Africa in The 1990s = 19
A Long Path of Democratic Transition = 24
Women's Rights = 27
Civil Strife, Genocide, and Slavery = 28
Victimizing The African Intellectual = 30
Facing Capital Punishment = 33
Popular Movement Versus Elite Government = 37
State Authoritarianism Versus African Populism = 37
African Demography: Poverty and Agricultural Development = 42
African Development Prospects = 49
The Case of The Gezira (sudan) = 53
Women and Governance = 73
Introduction = 73
International Instruments = 73
Inhibitions of Women's Decision Making = 74
Political and Cultural Negativity = 74
Women Handicapped by Violence = 77
Women's Economic Development in Africa = 79
Women's Employment in Industrial Countries = 79
African Debt and Adjustment Programs = 80
Structure and State of African Women's Employment = 81
Women's Political Development in Africa = 84
Recommendations = 91
Women and Religion = 95
International Law Protects Women's Right to Religion and Belief = 95
Manifestations of Intolerance Or Discrimination Based on Religion = 96
Is Religion a Source of Discrimination? = 98
Dynamic Aspects of Religion = 98
Criticizing Discrimination Based on Religion = 100
Reinterpreting Religion Through Feminist Eyes = 102
The Impact of Rituals in Women's Status = 104
Polygamy in The African Socio-religious Context = 109
Religion, Class, and Oppression = 112
Outside Human Rights Groups and Effective Coordination = 117
Human Rights National and Global Cooperation = 117
Strengthening National Ngos = 122
Professionalizing African Human Rights = 124
Recommendations to Reform African Ngos = 129
Escape Mechanisms on Reporting Human Rights Abuses = 131
The Human Rights Committee = 131
Communicating With Treaty Bodies = 132
African States Reporting before Committees = 135
The Case of a Fundamentalist Non-democratic State = 143
The Role Played by Ngos = 148
Conclusions and Recommendations = 148
Epilogue: Ghosting An African Nation -- Sudan = 151
Ghosting The Religion of Islam = 154
Ghosting The Sudanese Popular Islam = 158
The Failures of Ghosting = 159
The Persistence of Sufi Islam = 161
The Khatmiya and The Ansar Ideological Structure = 167
Democratizing The Sudanese Traditional Sects = 169
Appendix I: Maputo Declaration (2003) by African Civil Society Organizations = 177
Appendix Ii: on The Situation of Human Rights in Sudan (1993) from The Sudan Human Rights Organization Cairo Office = 184
Appendix Iii: to The United Nations Human Rights Commission (2003) from The Sudan Human Rights Organization Cairo Office = 189
Appendix Iv: African Union on Darfur (2003) = 194
Appendix V: Un Security Council Resolution on Darfur (sudan) (2004) = 198
Bibliography = 205
Name Index = 219
Subject Index = 223