Preface = vii Chapter 1 The NGO Experience in North korea / Scott Snyder = 1 Chapter 2 The Experience of U.S. NGOs in North Korea / L. Gordon Flake = 15 Chapter 3 The European NGO Experience in North Korea / Michael Schloms = 47 Chapter 4 The Role of Sonth Korea's NGOs: The PoBtical Context / Chung Oknim = 81 Chapter 5 Lessons of the NGO Experience in North Korea / Scott Snyder = 111 Appendices Apopendix A: International Community Aid to the DPRK (1995-2001) = 125 Appendix B: South Korean Government Aid to the DPRK (1995-2001) = 126.