List of Photographs = xi Foreword, Gavan McCormank = xiii Acknowledgements = xvii Note to the Reader = xixIntroduction: Writing About North Koreans in Japan = 1 Chongryun Koreans = 1 Koreans in Japan = 6 The Aim of This Study = 7 A Native Anthropologist = 16 Notes = 18 PART 1 THE SCHOOL 1 The Performative and Its Effects = 23 Chongryun Teaching = 23 linguistic ControL = 31 Korea University = 37 Legitimate Language = 43 Notes = 49 2 From Performative to Performance = 51 Textbooks Old and New = 51 Reforms Past and Present = 55 After the Reform = 57 The Effects-Expected or Unexpected? = 61 From Speaking to Reading = 64 PART 2 THE HISTORY 3 The Rise of Legitimate identity = 77 A Rally = 77 The Decade of Turmoil = 78 Korean Nationalism in Japan = 82 The League and Korean Schools = 84 The Division = 86 The Emergence of Chongryun = 89 "Thanks to...," = 91 Linguistic fixation = 97 Language and Ideology = 107 Notes = lll 4 The Structure of Coexistence = 112 Overlapping Interests = 112 Law and Koreans = 120 Changing Conditions = 125 Notes = 128 PART 3 THE SEARCH 5 Hesitation and Transition = 137 Ae-son, the Teacher = 137 Busy Struggle = 142 Deciding Whether to Quit = 144 Meeting Byong-on = 147 Shifting Languages = 150 An Unsettling Discussion = 152 Ryong-su's Case = 156 Floating Back = 159 Habitus and transition = 163 6 Diaspora and Beyond = 166 Comparative Cases = 166 Generation to Generation = 177 The Writing Generation = 185 From Diaspora to Postdiaspora = 196 Notes = 200 Conclusion: New Language, New identity = 201 From Heroism to Realism = 201 Language and Identity = 208 A Proposed Alternative = 217 The Anthropologist's Identity = 220 Notes = 224 Reference = 225 About the Book and Author = 239 Index = 241.