Acknowledgements = v
List of abbreviations = xiii
Chapter I Areas of tension concerning the sovereignty of states
1 Introduction = 1
2 Sovereign states = 2
3 The international community = 9
4 The 'People' = 11
5 Reasons to protect minorities and indigenous peoples = 13
6 Conclusions = 19
Chapter II Elements of international personality
1 Introduction = 23
2 International personality in the Reparation for Infuries Case = 23
3 International legal capacity = 32
4 Subjects of international law = 45
5 International Jus Standi = 56
6 International personality: conclusions = 61
Chapter III The factual existence of minorities and indigenous peoples and their legal capacity
1 Introduction = 65
2 Factual existence versus legal existence = 66
3 Factual existence of minorities = 67
4 The existence of indigenous peoples = 71
5 The existence of minorities and indigenous peoples according to objective criteria = 77
6 The existence of minorities and indigenous peoples according to subjective criteria = 86
7 Balancing between objective and subjective criteria = 92
8 The content of the will = 93
9 Expression of the will: representation = 105
10 Summary and conclusions: fromo factual to legal existence of minorities and indigenous peoples = 114
Chapter IV Minorities and indigenous peoples as subjects of international law
1 Introduction = 121
2 League of nations: different approaches = 122
3 The universal declaration of human rights and the European convention on human rights: the individual as a subject of rights = 129
4 Article 27 ICCPR: Minorities perceived as groups of individuals = 132
5 Other international documents = 136
6 Language charter: protection of languages = 140
7 A framework approach: positive obligations for states = 141
8 OSCE: Minority organisations = 146
9 Indigenous and tribal peoples: a collective approach? = 148
10 Summary and conclusions = 167
Chapter V Minorities, indigenous peoples, and their competence to bring an international claim / Jus Standi
1 Introduction = 175
2 International Jus standi in relation to lagal capacity and legal subjectivity = 176
3 The concept of international Jus Standi = 177
4 Access to the International court of justice = 178
5 Access to the human rights committee: the optional protocol procedure = 182
6 Groups of individuals and NGOs = 191
7 Alternatives = 195
8 Developments towards an international Jus Standi for indigenous peoples? = 204
9 Conclusions = 210
Chapter VI Minorities, Indigenous peoples, and international personality: conclusions
1 Introduction = 215
2 International personality = 216
3 Minorities 'as such' : international legal capacity = 218
4 Individuals belonging to a minority : the link between internaional legal subjectivity and international Jus Standi = 219
5 Indigenous peoples: the meaning of international Jus Standi for International personality = 222
6 The definition of international personality by the ICJ = 224
7 Further perspectives = 225
8 The divergence between minorities and indigenous peoples = 226
summary = 229
Nederlandse Samenvatting = 235
Bibliography = 241
Table of cases = 253
Index of names = 257
Index = 259
Curriculum vitae = 269
School of human rights research series = 271
List of abbreviations = xiii
Chapter I Areas of tension concerning the sovereignty of states
1 Introduction = 1
2 Sovereign states = 2
3 The international community = 9
4 The 'People' = 11
5 Reasons to protect minorities and indigenous peoples = 13
6 Conclusions = 19
Chapter II Elements of international personality
1 Introduction = 23
2 International personality in the Reparation for Infuries Case = 23
3 International legal capacity = 32
4 Subjects of international law = 45
5 International Jus Standi = 56
6 International personality: conclusions = 61
Chapter III The factual existence of minorities and indigenous peoples and their legal capacity
1 Introduction = 65
2 Factual existence versus legal existence = 66
3 Factual existence of minorities = 67
4 The existence of indigenous peoples = 71
5 The existence of minorities and indigenous peoples according to objective criteria = 77
6 The existence of minorities and indigenous peoples according to subjective criteria = 86
7 Balancing between objective and subjective criteria = 92
8 The content of the will = 93
9 Expression of the will: representation = 105
10 Summary and conclusions: fromo factual to legal existence of minorities and indigenous peoples = 114
Chapter IV Minorities and indigenous peoples as subjects of international law
1 Introduction = 121
2 League of nations: different approaches = 122
3 The universal declaration of human rights and the European convention on human rights: the individual as a subject of rights = 129
4 Article 27 ICCPR: Minorities perceived as groups of individuals = 132
5 Other international documents = 136
6 Language charter: protection of languages = 140
7 A framework approach: positive obligations for states = 141
8 OSCE: Minority organisations = 146
9 Indigenous and tribal peoples: a collective approach? = 148
10 Summary and conclusions = 167
Chapter V Minorities, indigenous peoples, and their competence to bring an international claim / Jus Standi
1 Introduction = 175
2 International Jus standi in relation to lagal capacity and legal subjectivity = 176
3 The concept of international Jus Standi = 177
4 Access to the International court of justice = 178
5 Access to the human rights committee: the optional protocol procedure = 182
6 Groups of individuals and NGOs = 191
7 Alternatives = 195
8 Developments towards an international Jus Standi for indigenous peoples? = 204
9 Conclusions = 210
Chapter VI Minorities, Indigenous peoples, and international personality: conclusions
1 Introduction = 215
2 International personality = 216
3 Minorities 'as such' : international legal capacity = 218
4 Individuals belonging to a minority : the link between internaional legal subjectivity and international Jus Standi = 219
5 Indigenous peoples: the meaning of international Jus Standi for International personality = 222
6 The definition of international personality by the ICJ = 224
7 Further perspectives = 225
8 The divergence between minorities and indigenous peoples = 226
summary = 229
Nederlandse Samenvatting = 235
Bibliography = 241
Table of cases = 253
Index of names = 257
Index = 259
Curriculum vitae = 269
School of human rights research series = 271