Contents
Preface = iii
Acknowledgements = v
Introduction = 1
Chapter 1 CONFLICT IN THE 1990s = 7
The End of the ColdWar = 7
The Nature of Conflict = 9
Conflict Trends and Conflict Scale = 13
Chapter 2 THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND CONFLICT = 23
The Role of the Security Council in Conflict = 23
The Practice of the Security Council in the 1990s = 25
Meetings and Informal Consultations = 25
The Decision-making Process = 27
Levels of Security Council Response = 29
Ten-Level Scale of Response = 29
A Note on Peacekeeping = 47
A Note on `Grey Area' Mandates = 47
Level of Conflict and Level of Security Council Response = 48
Number of Presidential Statements and Resolutions = 49
Entering Chapter VII = 53
Overall Council Response = 58
Chapter 3 PEACE ENFORCEMENT = 67
What is Peace Enforcement? = 67
Consent = 71
Impartiality = 73
Force Structure = 75
The Use of Force = 77
Towards a Definition = 80
Authorisation = 81
`PeaceEnforcement'and`EnforcementAction'withoutAuthorisation = 83
Self-Defence = 90
A Note on Humanitarian Intervention = 98
The Execution of Peace Enforcement = 101
Who will Intervene? = 102
Peacekeeping or Peace Enforcement? = 106
Peace Enforcement Mandates and their Execution = 110
Chapter 4 THE POLITICS OF PEACE ENFORCEMENT = 117
National Interest = 117
National Interest as a Facilitator of Peace Enforcement = 118
National Interest as a Barrier to Peace Enforcement = 122
Indifference as a Barrier to Peace Enforcement = 128
The Media = 135
The CNN Factor = 137
The Other Side of the CNN Factor = 141
Practical Limitations = 144
Peace or Justice? = 145
Physical Limitations = 147
Conclusions and Recommendations = 153
Epilogue: Beyond the 1990s = 169
Appendices
Appendix I: Major Conflicts and Responses in the 1990s = 183
Appendix II: Summary of UNSC Resolutions in the 1990s = 217
Appendix III: Extracts from UNSC Resolutions in the 1990s = 243
Bibliography = 265
Index = 301
Preface = iii
Acknowledgements = v
Introduction = 1
Chapter 1 CONFLICT IN THE 1990s = 7
The End of the ColdWar = 7
The Nature of Conflict = 9
Conflict Trends and Conflict Scale = 13
Chapter 2 THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND CONFLICT = 23
The Role of the Security Council in Conflict = 23
The Practice of the Security Council in the 1990s = 25
Meetings and Informal Consultations = 25
The Decision-making Process = 27
Levels of Security Council Response = 29
Ten-Level Scale of Response = 29
A Note on Peacekeeping = 47
A Note on `Grey Area' Mandates = 47
Level of Conflict and Level of Security Council Response = 48
Number of Presidential Statements and Resolutions = 49
Entering Chapter VII = 53
Overall Council Response = 58
Chapter 3 PEACE ENFORCEMENT = 67
What is Peace Enforcement? = 67
Consent = 71
Impartiality = 73
Force Structure = 75
The Use of Force = 77
Towards a Definition = 80
Authorisation = 81
`PeaceEnforcement'and`EnforcementAction'withoutAuthorisation = 83
Self-Defence = 90
A Note on Humanitarian Intervention = 98
The Execution of Peace Enforcement = 101
Who will Intervene? = 102
Peacekeeping or Peace Enforcement? = 106
Peace Enforcement Mandates and their Execution = 110
Chapter 4 THE POLITICS OF PEACE ENFORCEMENT = 117
National Interest = 117
National Interest as a Facilitator of Peace Enforcement = 118
National Interest as a Barrier to Peace Enforcement = 122
Indifference as a Barrier to Peace Enforcement = 128
The Media = 135
The CNN Factor = 137
The Other Side of the CNN Factor = 141
Practical Limitations = 144
Peace or Justice? = 145
Physical Limitations = 147
Conclusions and Recommendations = 153
Epilogue: Beyond the 1990s = 169
Appendices
Appendix I: Major Conflicts and Responses in the 1990s = 183
Appendix II: Summary of UNSC Resolutions in the 1990s = 217
Appendix III: Extracts from UNSC Resolutions in the 1990s = 243
Bibliography = 265
Index = 301