Perface xv
PART ONE: HISTORY AND THEORIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Introduction to Part One = 3
Section 1: Classical Perspectives
1 Plato: Republic = 13
2 Aristotle: Politics = 24
3 Cicero: On the Laws = 34
4 St. Thomas Aquinas : Summa Theologica = 43
5 Hugo Grotius : The Rights of War and Peace = 48
Further Readings for Section 1 = 54
Section 2: Modern Perspectives
6 Thomas Hobbes : Leviathan = 57
7 John Locke The Second : Treatise of Government = 71
8 Jean-Jacques Rousseau : The Social Contract = 80
9 Edmund Burke : Reflections on the Revolution in France = 88
10 Thomas Paine : The Rights of Man = 95
11 Mary Wollstonecraft : A Vindication of the Rights of Woman = 101
12 Immanuel Kant : The Principles of Political Right = 109
13 Jeremy Bentham : Anarchical Fallacies = 118
14 Karl Marx : On the Jewish Question = 126
15 John Stuart Mill : Utilitarianism and On Liberty = 136
Further Readings for Section 2 = 147
Section 3: Contemporary Perspectives
16 H. L. A. Hart : "Are There Any Natural Rights?" = 151
17 Maurice Cranston : "Human Rights, Real and Supposed." = 163
18 Joel Feinberg : "The Nature and Value of Rights."' = 174
19 Thomas W. Pogge : "How Should Human Rights Be Conceived?'' = 187
20 Martha C. Nussbaum : "Capabilities and Human Rights.'' = 212
21 Richard Rorty : "Human Rights, Rationality, and Sentimentality.'' = 241
22 Jacques Derrida : "Wears and Tears (Tableau of an Angeles World.)'' = 258
Further Readings for Section 3 = 268
Section 4: Non-Western Perspectives
23 Confucius: The Analects = 271
24 Mo Tzu : ``Universal Love.'' = 277
25 The Buddha: ``Foundation of the Kingdom of Righteousnous.'' = 287
26 The Dalai Lama: ``Human Rights and Universal Responsibility.'' = 291
27 Kwasi Wiredu : ``An Akan Perspective on Human Rights.'' = 298
28 Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na`im : ``Human Rights in the Muslim World.'' = 315
Further Readings for Section 4 = 335
Section 5: Documents for Part One
29 The English Bill of Rights = 339
30 Declaration of Independence of the United States of America = 343
31 The Bill of Rights of the United States of America = 347
32 French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen = 350
33 Universal Declaration of Human Rights = 353
34 African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights = 359
PART TWO: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Introduction to Part Two = 369
Section 6: Universalism and Relativism
35 Fernando Tenson : ``International Human Rights and Cultural Relativism.'' = 379
36 Xiaorong Li : ``Asian Values' and the Universality of Human Rights.'' = 397
37 Charles Taylor : ``A World Consensus on Human Rights?'' = 409
Further Readings for Section 6 = 423
Section 7: Minority Cultures and Group Rights
38 James Crawford : ``The Rights of Peoples: `Peoples' or `Governments'?'' = 427
39 Will Kymlicka : "The Good, the Bad, and the Intolerable: Minority Group Rights'' = 445
Further Readings for Section 7 = 462
Section 8: Ethnic Cleansing and Humanitarian Intervention
40 James W. Nickel : ``What's Wrong with Ethnic Cleansing?'' = 465
41 Michael J. Smith : ``Humanitarian Intervention: An Overview of the Ethical Issues.'' = 478
Further Readings for Section 8 = 502
Section 9: Women's Rights
42 Arati Rao :``Right in the Home: Feminist Theoretical Perspectives on International Human Rights.'' = 505
43 Catharine A. MacKinnon : ``Rape, Genocide, and Women's Human Rights.'' = 526
Further Readings for Section 9 = 543
Section 10: Gay and Lesbian Rights
44 Jack Donnelly :``Non-Discrimination and Sexual Orientation: Making a Place for Sexual Minorities in the
Global Human Rights Regime.'' = 547
45 Martha C. Nussbaum : ``Lesbian and Gay Rights.'' = 574
Further Readings for Section 10 = 597
Section 11: Human Rights and the Environment
46 James W. Nickel :``The Human Right to a Safe Environment: Philosophical Perspectives on Its Scope and
Justification.'' = 601
47 Edith Brown Weiss : "Planetary Rights.'' = 618
Further Readings for Section 11 = 637
Section 12: Documents for Part Two
48 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action = 641
49 Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National, Ethinic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities =
650
50 Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples = 652
51 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide = 658
52 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women = 660
53 Draft Declaration of Principles on Human Rights and the Environment = 669
Bibliography = 675
Index 681
PART ONE: HISTORY AND THEORIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Introduction to Part One = 3
Section 1: Classical Perspectives
1 Plato: Republic = 13
2 Aristotle: Politics = 24
3 Cicero: On the Laws = 34
4 St. Thomas Aquinas : Summa Theologica = 43
5 Hugo Grotius : The Rights of War and Peace = 48
Further Readings for Section 1 = 54
Section 2: Modern Perspectives
6 Thomas Hobbes : Leviathan = 57
7 John Locke The Second : Treatise of Government = 71
8 Jean-Jacques Rousseau : The Social Contract = 80
9 Edmund Burke : Reflections on the Revolution in France = 88
10 Thomas Paine : The Rights of Man = 95
11 Mary Wollstonecraft : A Vindication of the Rights of Woman = 101
12 Immanuel Kant : The Principles of Political Right = 109
13 Jeremy Bentham : Anarchical Fallacies = 118
14 Karl Marx : On the Jewish Question = 126
15 John Stuart Mill : Utilitarianism and On Liberty = 136
Further Readings for Section 2 = 147
Section 3: Contemporary Perspectives
16 H. L. A. Hart : "Are There Any Natural Rights?" = 151
17 Maurice Cranston : "Human Rights, Real and Supposed." = 163
18 Joel Feinberg : "The Nature and Value of Rights."' = 174
19 Thomas W. Pogge : "How Should Human Rights Be Conceived?'' = 187
20 Martha C. Nussbaum : "Capabilities and Human Rights.'' = 212
21 Richard Rorty : "Human Rights, Rationality, and Sentimentality.'' = 241
22 Jacques Derrida : "Wears and Tears (Tableau of an Angeles World.)'' = 258
Further Readings for Section 3 = 268
Section 4: Non-Western Perspectives
23 Confucius: The Analects = 271
24 Mo Tzu : ``Universal Love.'' = 277
25 The Buddha: ``Foundation of the Kingdom of Righteousnous.'' = 287
26 The Dalai Lama: ``Human Rights and Universal Responsibility.'' = 291
27 Kwasi Wiredu : ``An Akan Perspective on Human Rights.'' = 298
28 Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na`im : ``Human Rights in the Muslim World.'' = 315
Further Readings for Section 4 = 335
Section 5: Documents for Part One
29 The English Bill of Rights = 339
30 Declaration of Independence of the United States of America = 343
31 The Bill of Rights of the United States of America = 347
32 French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen = 350
33 Universal Declaration of Human Rights = 353
34 African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights = 359
PART TWO: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Introduction to Part Two = 369
Section 6: Universalism and Relativism
35 Fernando Tenson : ``International Human Rights and Cultural Relativism.'' = 379
36 Xiaorong Li : ``Asian Values' and the Universality of Human Rights.'' = 397
37 Charles Taylor : ``A World Consensus on Human Rights?'' = 409
Further Readings for Section 6 = 423
Section 7: Minority Cultures and Group Rights
38 James Crawford : ``The Rights of Peoples: `Peoples' or `Governments'?'' = 427
39 Will Kymlicka : "The Good, the Bad, and the Intolerable: Minority Group Rights'' = 445
Further Readings for Section 7 = 462
Section 8: Ethnic Cleansing and Humanitarian Intervention
40 James W. Nickel : ``What's Wrong with Ethnic Cleansing?'' = 465
41 Michael J. Smith : ``Humanitarian Intervention: An Overview of the Ethical Issues.'' = 478
Further Readings for Section 8 = 502
Section 9: Women's Rights
42 Arati Rao :``Right in the Home: Feminist Theoretical Perspectives on International Human Rights.'' = 505
43 Catharine A. MacKinnon : ``Rape, Genocide, and Women's Human Rights.'' = 526
Further Readings for Section 9 = 543
Section 10: Gay and Lesbian Rights
44 Jack Donnelly :``Non-Discrimination and Sexual Orientation: Making a Place for Sexual Minorities in the
Global Human Rights Regime.'' = 547
45 Martha C. Nussbaum : ``Lesbian and Gay Rights.'' = 574
Further Readings for Section 10 = 597
Section 11: Human Rights and the Environment
46 James W. Nickel :``The Human Right to a Safe Environment: Philosophical Perspectives on Its Scope and
Justification.'' = 601
47 Edith Brown Weiss : "Planetary Rights.'' = 618
Further Readings for Section 11 = 637
Section 12: Documents for Part Two
48 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action = 641
49 Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National, Ethinic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities =
650
50 Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples = 652
51 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide = 658
52 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women = 660
53 Draft Declaration of Principles on Human Rights and the Environment = 669
Bibliography = 675
Index 681