IChapter 1
Humane Values, Psychology, and the Pains of Imprisonment = 3
Modern Psychological Theory and the Revamped Role of Prison = 6
The Problematics of Pain: Limiting Prison Excess = 9
Adapting to Long-Term Incarceration: The Deferred Pains of Imprisonment = 13
Victims' Rights and Prison Pain = 15
Conclusion = 17
I. Psychology and the Prison Form = 25
Chapter 2
Human Nature and the History of Imprisonment = 27
The Emergence of the Prison Form = 28
Psychological Individualism, Perfectibility, and Prison Policy = 30
The Rise of Psychological and Prison ``Science'' = 34
Psychological Science and the Pragmatics of Confinement = 37
Formalizing the Rehabilitative Ideal = 38
Psychology in the ``Progressive Era'' Criminal Justice System = 40
The Practice of Prison Psychology = 44
Prison Trends at Midcentury: Science Begins to Pay Modest Dividends = 47
Conclusion = 48
Chapter 3
Spreading Pain: The Punitive State and the State of the Prisons = 57
The Corrections Crisis by the Numbers = 61
The Racialization of Prison Pain = 64
The Crisis Expands: Accommodating the Press of Numbers = 65
The Climate of Harsh Punishment = 68
Prison Failure Begets Prison Growth = 70
The Benefits and Burdens of Mass Imprisonment = 74
Conclusion = 80
Chapter 4
Attribution Error as Crime Control and Prison Policy = 91
The Punitive Legacy of Slavery = 92
Context and Criminal Law: ``Fundamental Attribution Error'' as Crime Policy = 95
Mandated Ignorance: Dispositionalizing Race-Based Disparity = 98
Drug Laws: Waging War With Prison Pain = 103
Race, Drugs, and Prison Policy: A Nexus of Causes and Consequences = 107
Conclusion = 113
II. Prison as Criminogenic Context = 125
Chapter 5
Context Matters: Social History, Circumstance, and Crime Causation = 127
The Contextual Revolution in Psychology = 129
Criminogenic Lives: The Role of Social Historical Factors = 133
Juvenile Institutionalization: State-Sanctioned Risk Factors = 139
Criminogenic Contexts: The Role of Immediate Situations = 141
The Criminogenics of Race and Ethnicity in a Divided Society = 146
Conclusion = 148
Chapter 6
Surviving the Social Context of Prison = 161
Measuring Prison Pain = 163
The Psychological Toll of Incarceration = 167
Coping With the Stress of Imprisonment = 169
On Prisonization as Coping = 174
Prison Conditions and Prison Violence = 181
Extreme Reactions to Painful Conditions of Confinement = 184
Conclusion = 186
Chapter 7
Overcrowding and the Situational Pathologies of Prison = 199
Overcrowding: The Emergence of a Destructive Correctional Norm = 201
Crowding and Deprivation: Creating a Dysfunctional Prison Context = 203
The Dynamics of Desperation: Cycles of Dysfunctional Behavior = 205
Measuring Harm in Unstable Prison Systems = 207
Prisons Behaving Badly: The Broader Context of Overcrowding = 209
Ignoring the Critical Needs of Prisoners in Times of Crisis = 211
Maintaining Control Through Force and Intimidation = 213
The Contextual Origins of the Prison Gang = 218
The Legacy of Adverse Conditions: Riots and Recidivism = 220
Conclusion = 225
Chapter 8
"Special Needs" Prisoners in Extremis = 241
The Legal Status of ``Special Needs'' Prisoners = 243
Recent Trends in Incarcerating Vulnerable Persons = 244
Prevalence Estimates of Especially Vulnerable Prisoners = 248
Context-Based Special Challenges: Rules, Conflict, and Discipline = 254
Patterns of ``Maladaptation'' Among Vulnerable Prisoners and the Implications of ``Prison Madness'' = 256
Conclusion = 260
III. Using Psychology to Limit Prison Pain = 269
Chapter 9
Prison Law and the Disregard of Context = 271
The Evolution of the Eighth Amendment = 273
Developing Minimal Standards for Regulating Harsh Conditions = 275
The Individualizing of the Constitutional Law of Prisons = 278
Narrowing the Legal Scope of Prison ``Harm'' = 280
The Wages of Deference: Race and the Context of Imprisonment = 283
Beginning to Evaluate and Limit Painful Conditions of Confinement = 285
Conclusion = 290
Chapter 10
Limiting Prison Pain: A Psychologically Informed Corrections Agenda = 303
Limiting Prison Pain by Ending the Overuse of Imprisonment = 305
Do No Harm: Normalizing Prison Contexts = 308
Minimizing and Responding to Adverse Prison Effects = 311
Resurrecting the Rehabilitative Ideal = 313
Psychological Treatment in a Context-Oriented Prison Setting = 319
Race-Related Prison Reforms = 323
Gangs and Context: Reducing Prison Pathologies = 326
The Context of Reentry: Preserving Positive Change = 328
Conclusion = 331
Chapter 11
Toward a Rational Prison Policy = 351
Author Index = 355
Subject Index = 371
About the Author 385
Humane Values, Psychology, and the Pains of Imprisonment = 3
Modern Psychological Theory and the Revamped Role of Prison = 6
The Problematics of Pain: Limiting Prison Excess = 9
Adapting to Long-Term Incarceration: The Deferred Pains of Imprisonment = 13
Victims' Rights and Prison Pain = 15
Conclusion = 17
I. Psychology and the Prison Form = 25
Chapter 2
Human Nature and the History of Imprisonment = 27
The Emergence of the Prison Form = 28
Psychological Individualism, Perfectibility, and Prison Policy = 30
The Rise of Psychological and Prison ``Science'' = 34
Psychological Science and the Pragmatics of Confinement = 37
Formalizing the Rehabilitative Ideal = 38
Psychology in the ``Progressive Era'' Criminal Justice System = 40
The Practice of Prison Psychology = 44
Prison Trends at Midcentury: Science Begins to Pay Modest Dividends = 47
Conclusion = 48
Chapter 3
Spreading Pain: The Punitive State and the State of the Prisons = 57
The Corrections Crisis by the Numbers = 61
The Racialization of Prison Pain = 64
The Crisis Expands: Accommodating the Press of Numbers = 65
The Climate of Harsh Punishment = 68
Prison Failure Begets Prison Growth = 70
The Benefits and Burdens of Mass Imprisonment = 74
Conclusion = 80
Chapter 4
Attribution Error as Crime Control and Prison Policy = 91
The Punitive Legacy of Slavery = 92
Context and Criminal Law: ``Fundamental Attribution Error'' as Crime Policy = 95
Mandated Ignorance: Dispositionalizing Race-Based Disparity = 98
Drug Laws: Waging War With Prison Pain = 103
Race, Drugs, and Prison Policy: A Nexus of Causes and Consequences = 107
Conclusion = 113
II. Prison as Criminogenic Context = 125
Chapter 5
Context Matters: Social History, Circumstance, and Crime Causation = 127
The Contextual Revolution in Psychology = 129
Criminogenic Lives: The Role of Social Historical Factors = 133
Juvenile Institutionalization: State-Sanctioned Risk Factors = 139
Criminogenic Contexts: The Role of Immediate Situations = 141
The Criminogenics of Race and Ethnicity in a Divided Society = 146
Conclusion = 148
Chapter 6
Surviving the Social Context of Prison = 161
Measuring Prison Pain = 163
The Psychological Toll of Incarceration = 167
Coping With the Stress of Imprisonment = 169
On Prisonization as Coping = 174
Prison Conditions and Prison Violence = 181
Extreme Reactions to Painful Conditions of Confinement = 184
Conclusion = 186
Chapter 7
Overcrowding and the Situational Pathologies of Prison = 199
Overcrowding: The Emergence of a Destructive Correctional Norm = 201
Crowding and Deprivation: Creating a Dysfunctional Prison Context = 203
The Dynamics of Desperation: Cycles of Dysfunctional Behavior = 205
Measuring Harm in Unstable Prison Systems = 207
Prisons Behaving Badly: The Broader Context of Overcrowding = 209
Ignoring the Critical Needs of Prisoners in Times of Crisis = 211
Maintaining Control Through Force and Intimidation = 213
The Contextual Origins of the Prison Gang = 218
The Legacy of Adverse Conditions: Riots and Recidivism = 220
Conclusion = 225
Chapter 8
"Special Needs" Prisoners in Extremis = 241
The Legal Status of ``Special Needs'' Prisoners = 243
Recent Trends in Incarcerating Vulnerable Persons = 244
Prevalence Estimates of Especially Vulnerable Prisoners = 248
Context-Based Special Challenges: Rules, Conflict, and Discipline = 254
Patterns of ``Maladaptation'' Among Vulnerable Prisoners and the Implications of ``Prison Madness'' = 256
Conclusion = 260
III. Using Psychology to Limit Prison Pain = 269
Chapter 9
Prison Law and the Disregard of Context = 271
The Evolution of the Eighth Amendment = 273
Developing Minimal Standards for Regulating Harsh Conditions = 275
The Individualizing of the Constitutional Law of Prisons = 278
Narrowing the Legal Scope of Prison ``Harm'' = 280
The Wages of Deference: Race and the Context of Imprisonment = 283
Beginning to Evaluate and Limit Painful Conditions of Confinement = 285
Conclusion = 290
Chapter 10
Limiting Prison Pain: A Psychologically Informed Corrections Agenda = 303
Limiting Prison Pain by Ending the Overuse of Imprisonment = 305
Do No Harm: Normalizing Prison Contexts = 308
Minimizing and Responding to Adverse Prison Effects = 311
Resurrecting the Rehabilitative Ideal = 313
Psychological Treatment in a Context-Oriented Prison Setting = 319
Race-Related Prison Reforms = 323
Gangs and Context: Reducing Prison Pathologies = 326
The Context of Reentry: Preserving Positive Change = 328
Conclusion = 331
Chapter 11
Toward a Rational Prison Policy = 351
Author Index = 355
Subject Index = 371
About the Author 385