List of Tables and Figures xiii
Foreword by Jean Ziegler xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction: Taking Rights Seriously = 1
PART I FOUNDATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Food and Nutrition = 7
Malnutrition = 7
Causes of Malnutrition = 9
Growth Measurement = 12
Numbers of Malnourished People = 14
Malnutrition and Mortality = 15
Comparative Mortality = 17
Food and Nutrition Security = 21
Varieties of Government Action = 23
CHAPTER 2 The International Human Rights System = 25
Historical Foundations = 25
International Humanitarian Law = 26
The International Bill of Human Rights = 28
Children's Rights = 32
Regional Human Rights Agreements = 33
Human Rights Agencies = 34
United Nations Charter Bodies = 37
United Nations Treaty Bodies = 40
Civil Society Organizations = 41
Informal Civil Society = 42
CHAPTER 3 Adequate Food Is a Human Right = 45
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights = 45
Food in International Human Rights Law = 47
Food in International Humanitarian Law = 49
Global Declarations and Commitments = 50
General Comment 12 = 54
The Special Rapporteur = 56
The Voluntary Guidelines = 58
PART II HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 4 Human Rights, Governance, and Law = 63
Human Rights and Governance = 63
Studying Human Rights in National Governance = 66
The Role of National Law = 70
Universal Human Rights and the Role of International Law = 77
CHAPTER 5 Rights and Entitlements = 80
Definition = 80
Moral versus Legal Rights = 87
Soft versus Hard Rights = 83
Rights as Goals = 85
Rights Imply Entitlements = 91
Determining Local Entitlements = 94
Having versus Realizing Rights = 96
CHAPTER 6 Obligations and Commitments = 98
Moral Responsibilities = 98
When Do Governments Do Human Rights Work? = 101
Levels of Government Obligation = 103
Economic Rights = 110
The Obligation of Good Governance = 113
Obligations of Nonstate Actors = 116
Questionable Charity = 120
CHAPTER 7 Accountability Mechanisms = 126
Varieties of Accountability = 126
Justiciability = 129
Remedies for Rights Holders = 132
National and Local Human Rights Agencies = 134
Accountability through Public Action = 137
PART III APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 8 India = 143
The Supreme Court Case = 144
Starvation Is Not the Problem = 145
The Missing Piece in India's Rights System = 146
The Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Project = 147
CHAPTER 9 Brazil = 151
CHAPTER 10 The United States = 156
CHAPTER 11 Feeding Infants = 163
Breast-Feeding Rights = 164
Infants' Human Right to Adequate Food = 165
Principles = 167
Women's Right to Breast-Feed versus Infants' Right to Be Breast-Fed = 170
CHAPTER 12 Feeding Infants of HIV-Positive Mothers = 173
Official Guidance on HIV/AIDS and Infant Feeding = 173
Issues = 174
A Court Case = 180
Informed Choice = 182
Principles = 185
CHAPTER 13 Water = 187
The Household Water Problem = 187
Water Rights Are Different = 189
General Comment 15 = 191
CHAPTER 14 Trade = 193
Issues = 193
The Human Right to Adequate Food in Relation to Trade = 196
Reconciling Different Frameworks = 197
Food Sovereignty = 199
CHAPTER 15 Refugees = 201
Issues in Refugee Nutrition = 201
Explanations and Justifications for Uneven Services = 202
The Human Right to Adequate Food = 205
The Adequacy Question = 206
Specifying the Obligations = 209
Limiting the Obligations = 211
The Work Ahead = 212
CHAPTER 16 International Humanitarian Assistance = 214
Issues = 214
Rights to Assistance = 217
The Provider's Motivation = 218
Implementation = 219
CHAPTER 17 Global Human Rights = 221
Global Rights and Global Obligations = 221
Global Accountability = 224
Strategic Planning = 225
Sources = 233
References = 237
Index 257
Foreword by Jean Ziegler xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction: Taking Rights Seriously = 1
PART I FOUNDATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Food and Nutrition = 7
Malnutrition = 7
Causes of Malnutrition = 9
Growth Measurement = 12
Numbers of Malnourished People = 14
Malnutrition and Mortality = 15
Comparative Mortality = 17
Food and Nutrition Security = 21
Varieties of Government Action = 23
CHAPTER 2 The International Human Rights System = 25
Historical Foundations = 25
International Humanitarian Law = 26
The International Bill of Human Rights = 28
Children's Rights = 32
Regional Human Rights Agreements = 33
Human Rights Agencies = 34
United Nations Charter Bodies = 37
United Nations Treaty Bodies = 40
Civil Society Organizations = 41
Informal Civil Society = 42
CHAPTER 3 Adequate Food Is a Human Right = 45
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights = 45
Food in International Human Rights Law = 47
Food in International Humanitarian Law = 49
Global Declarations and Commitments = 50
General Comment 12 = 54
The Special Rapporteur = 56
The Voluntary Guidelines = 58
PART II HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 4 Human Rights, Governance, and Law = 63
Human Rights and Governance = 63
Studying Human Rights in National Governance = 66
The Role of National Law = 70
Universal Human Rights and the Role of International Law = 77
CHAPTER 5 Rights and Entitlements = 80
Definition = 80
Moral versus Legal Rights = 87
Soft versus Hard Rights = 83
Rights as Goals = 85
Rights Imply Entitlements = 91
Determining Local Entitlements = 94
Having versus Realizing Rights = 96
CHAPTER 6 Obligations and Commitments = 98
Moral Responsibilities = 98
When Do Governments Do Human Rights Work? = 101
Levels of Government Obligation = 103
Economic Rights = 110
The Obligation of Good Governance = 113
Obligations of Nonstate Actors = 116
Questionable Charity = 120
CHAPTER 7 Accountability Mechanisms = 126
Varieties of Accountability = 126
Justiciability = 129
Remedies for Rights Holders = 132
National and Local Human Rights Agencies = 134
Accountability through Public Action = 137
PART III APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 8 India = 143
The Supreme Court Case = 144
Starvation Is Not the Problem = 145
The Missing Piece in India's Rights System = 146
The Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Project = 147
CHAPTER 9 Brazil = 151
CHAPTER 10 The United States = 156
CHAPTER 11 Feeding Infants = 163
Breast-Feeding Rights = 164
Infants' Human Right to Adequate Food = 165
Principles = 167
Women's Right to Breast-Feed versus Infants' Right to Be Breast-Fed = 170
CHAPTER 12 Feeding Infants of HIV-Positive Mothers = 173
Official Guidance on HIV/AIDS and Infant Feeding = 173
Issues = 174
A Court Case = 180
Informed Choice = 182
Principles = 185
CHAPTER 13 Water = 187
The Household Water Problem = 187
Water Rights Are Different = 189
General Comment 15 = 191
CHAPTER 14 Trade = 193
Issues = 193
The Human Right to Adequate Food in Relation to Trade = 196
Reconciling Different Frameworks = 197
Food Sovereignty = 199
CHAPTER 15 Refugees = 201
Issues in Refugee Nutrition = 201
Explanations and Justifications for Uneven Services = 202
The Human Right to Adequate Food = 205
The Adequacy Question = 206
Specifying the Obligations = 209
Limiting the Obligations = 211
The Work Ahead = 212
CHAPTER 16 International Humanitarian Assistance = 214
Issues = 214
Rights to Assistance = 217
The Provider's Motivation = 218
Implementation = 219
CHAPTER 17 Global Human Rights = 221
Global Rights and Global Obligations = 221
Global Accountability = 224
Strategic Planning = 225
Sources = 233
References = 237
Index 257