Foreword = 1
1. Incidence and Scope of Ethnic Conflict = 3
Ethnic pluralism = 3
Contemporary scope of ethnic conflict = 4
Conflicts, peaceful and violent = 6
Collective identities = 8
Ethnicity and class = 12
Strategies and opportunities = 14
Theories and equities = 17
Globalization and ethnic solidarities = 23
Conclusion = 26
2. Ethnic Sentiments and Solidarities: Collective Identities = 27
The three persuasions = 30
Ethnicity and nationalism = 40
Divisions and factions = 45
Conclusion = 48
3. Origins of Ethnic Pluralism = 50
Sources of ethnic pluralism = 51
Self-determination of peoples = 57
Pluralism, competition, and mobilization = 62
Conclusion = 69
4. For What Do They Contend? = 70
Types of ethnic conflict = 70
What precipitates conflicts? = 71
The bones of contention = 74
Numbers games = 86
Rational and non-rational interpretations of ethnic conflict = 88
Conclusion = 91
5. The Contemporary State and Outsider Intervention = 93
Apportioning benefits and costs = 93
Three postures = 95
Criminal and predatory exploitation of ethnic solidarities = 100
External influences on ethnic conflict = 102
Intervention to prevent or terminate ethnic conflict = 108
Foreign aid and ethnic conflict = 116
Conclusion = 118
6. Patterns of Pluralism I: Domination = 120
Exclusionary domination = 120
Inclusionary domination: assimilation = 125
Minority rights = 128
Middleman minorities = 132
Conclusion = 134
7. Patterns of Pluralism II: Power-sharing = 136
Federalism = 137
Consociationalism = 142
Federalism and consociationalism in combination = 146
Transitions = 148
Non-formal power-sharing = 153
Conclusion = 154
8. Patterns of Pluralism III: Integration = 155
Ethnic pluralism and liberal individualism = 155
Two dimensions of integration = 159
Persistent barriers to integration = 165
The open society: liberator or executioner? = 169
Conclusion = 170
9. The Management of Ethnic Conflict = 172
Conflict management in domination systems = 173
Conflict management in power-sharing systems = 177
Conflict management in integrative systems = 185
Allocation formulas = 191
Conclusion = 194
10. What of the Future? = 195
Three scenarios = 195
From modernization to globalization = 197
Chronic roots of conflict = 198
Terrorism = 201
Lessons learned = 202
Suggested Readings = 208
Glossary = 211
Notes = 213
Index = 227
1. Incidence and Scope of Ethnic Conflict = 3
Ethnic pluralism = 3
Contemporary scope of ethnic conflict = 4
Conflicts, peaceful and violent = 6
Collective identities = 8
Ethnicity and class = 12
Strategies and opportunities = 14
Theories and equities = 17
Globalization and ethnic solidarities = 23
Conclusion = 26
2. Ethnic Sentiments and Solidarities: Collective Identities = 27
The three persuasions = 30
Ethnicity and nationalism = 40
Divisions and factions = 45
Conclusion = 48
3. Origins of Ethnic Pluralism = 50
Sources of ethnic pluralism = 51
Self-determination of peoples = 57
Pluralism, competition, and mobilization = 62
Conclusion = 69
4. For What Do They Contend? = 70
Types of ethnic conflict = 70
What precipitates conflicts? = 71
The bones of contention = 74
Numbers games = 86
Rational and non-rational interpretations of ethnic conflict = 88
Conclusion = 91
5. The Contemporary State and Outsider Intervention = 93
Apportioning benefits and costs = 93
Three postures = 95
Criminal and predatory exploitation of ethnic solidarities = 100
External influences on ethnic conflict = 102
Intervention to prevent or terminate ethnic conflict = 108
Foreign aid and ethnic conflict = 116
Conclusion = 118
6. Patterns of Pluralism I: Domination = 120
Exclusionary domination = 120
Inclusionary domination: assimilation = 125
Minority rights = 128
Middleman minorities = 132
Conclusion = 134
7. Patterns of Pluralism II: Power-sharing = 136
Federalism = 137
Consociationalism = 142
Federalism and consociationalism in combination = 146
Transitions = 148
Non-formal power-sharing = 153
Conclusion = 154
8. Patterns of Pluralism III: Integration = 155
Ethnic pluralism and liberal individualism = 155
Two dimensions of integration = 159
Persistent barriers to integration = 165
The open society: liberator or executioner? = 169
Conclusion = 170
9. The Management of Ethnic Conflict = 172
Conflict management in domination systems = 173
Conflict management in power-sharing systems = 177
Conflict management in integrative systems = 185
Allocation formulas = 191
Conclusion = 194
10. What of the Future? = 195
Three scenarios = 195
From modernization to globalization = 197
Chronic roots of conflict = 198
Terrorism = 201
Lessons learned = 202
Suggested Readings = 208
Glossary = 211
Notes = 213
Index = 227