List of Tables -- List of Figures -- A Note on Japanese Names -- Acknowledgments 1 Introduction -- 2 Women in the Japanese and U.S. Economies -- 3 Human Capital Development Systems -- 4 The Evolution of a Gendered Employment System -- 5 Gendered Work Lives -- 6 Gendered Education -- 7 Conclusion -- Appendix A. Research Design for the Three-City Study -- Appendix B. Supplementary Tables -- References -- Index