List of illustrations -- Preface and acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- Pt. I Historical and social contexts -- 2 The paekjong: background and historical profile -- 3 Origins of the Hyongp'yong movement -- Pt. II The Hyongp'yong movement: 1923-1935 -- 4 The birth of the Hyongp'yong Movement -- 5 The internal dynamics: 1924-1925 -- 6 The external trials: 1923-1925 -- 7 Expansion and stagnation: 1925-1930 -- 8 Ideological tensions and the decline of the movement: 1930-1935 -- 9 Conclusion and addenda -- App. I Content analysis of newspaper materials -- App. II Illustrative extracts from the chronicle of the Hyongp'yong movement established on the basis of newspaper reports and articles -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index