ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = v
FOREWORD = vii
CHAPTER 1: THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM AND ESCR:INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND = 3
I. The inter-American Human Rights System: Purpose, Structure, and Division of Duties = 3
II. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in the inter-American System:Obstacles and Opportunities = 33
CHAPTER 2: LODGING A PETITION WITH THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANS: STEPS AND PROCEDURES = 75
I. Starting Points = 75
II. Admissibility Requirements = 80
III. Basic Content & Structure of Initial Petition = 97
IV. Overview of Entire Procedure = 105
CHAPTER 3: STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING ESCR AS JUSTICIABLE RIGHTS UNDER THE CONVENTION: INTRODUCTION = 113
I. ESCR Adjudication vs. ESCR Monitoring and Promotion = 113
II. Strategies for Supporting ESCR Claims Under the Convention = 117
III. Final Introductory Thoughts = 120
CHAPTER 4: USING THE RULES OF TREATY INTERPRETATION TO DETERMINE AND EXPAND THE PROTECTIVE SCOPE OF CONVENTION PROVISIONS = 125
A The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: Article 31 = 126
B Article 29 of American Convention = 132
CHAPTER 5: ESTABLISHING STATE RESPONSIBILITY: DUTY TO RESPECT, DUTY TO ENSURE, AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PROGRESSIVITY (ARTICLES 1, 2 & 26) = 155
I. Duty to Respect (Art. 1) = 159
II. Duty to Ensure (Arts. 1 & 2) = 160
III. Duty of Progressivity/Non-regressivity (Arts. 1 & 26) = 171
IV. An Illustrative List: Breaching State Obligations (Arts. 1, 2 & 26) = 187
CHAPTER 6: “INDIRECT APPROACH”: USING PROCEDURAL RIGHTS TO PROTECT ESCR = 193
I. Right to Non-Discrimination & Equal Protection of the Law (Arts. 1 & 24) = 194
II. Right to Judicial Protection (Art. 25) = 206
III. Right to Due Process (Art. 8) = 217
CHAPTER 7: “INTEGRATION APPROACH”: BUILDING ESCR INTO PROTECTED CONVENTION RIGHTS = 233
I. Right to Recognition of Legal Personality (Art. 3) = 234
II. Right to Life (Art. 4) = 238
III. Right to Personal Integrity (Art. 5) = 259
IV. Freedom from Forced Labor (Art. 6) = 269
V. Right to Personal Liberty & Security (Art. 7) = 278
VI. Right to Privacy (Art. 11).Inviolability of Home = 287
VII. Freedom of Conscience & Religion (Art. 12) = 293
VIII. Freedom of Thought & Expression (Art. 13) = 295
IX. Right of Assembly (Art. 15) = 310
X. Freedom of Association (Art. 16).Labor Union Rights = 313
XI. Rights of the Child (Art. 19) = 315
XI. Right to Property (Art. 21).Right to Housing, Land, & Social Assistance = 320
XII. Freedom of Movement & Residence (Art. 22) = 331
CHAPTER 8: “ARTICLE 26 APPROACH”: INVOKING THE ESCR IMPLICIT IN THE OAS CHARTER = 335
I. Defining the Protected Rights Articulated in Article 26 = 338
II. Elements for Establishing a Violation of an Article 26 Right = 344
III. The “Article 26 Approach” Versus the “Integration Approach” = 346
CHAPTER 9: “COMPLEX VIOLATIONS APPROACH” = 351
CHAPTER 10: ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PREPARING A CASE = 361
I. Supporting the Petition: Evidentiary Considerations = 362
II. Precautionary and Provisional Remedies = 371
III. Resolving the Petition Before Judgment = 372
IV. Remedies Stage (Art. 63) = 376
V. Enforcement of Remedies = 391
VI. Class Actions = 391
VII. Requests for Interpretation = 393
VIII. Advisory Opinions = 393
APPENDIX A: Standard Petition Form = 401
APPENDIX B: Model Petition = 407
APPENDIX C: American Convention on Human Rights = 439
APPENDIX D: Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the area of economic, social and cultural rights, “Protocol of San Salvador” = 465
FOREWORD = vii
CHAPTER 1: THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM AND ESCR:INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND = 3
I. The inter-American Human Rights System: Purpose, Structure, and Division of Duties = 3
II. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in the inter-American System:Obstacles and Opportunities = 33
CHAPTER 2: LODGING A PETITION WITH THE INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANS: STEPS AND PROCEDURES = 75
I. Starting Points = 75
II. Admissibility Requirements = 80
III. Basic Content & Structure of Initial Petition = 97
IV. Overview of Entire Procedure = 105
CHAPTER 3: STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING ESCR AS JUSTICIABLE RIGHTS UNDER THE CONVENTION: INTRODUCTION = 113
I. ESCR Adjudication vs. ESCR Monitoring and Promotion = 113
II. Strategies for Supporting ESCR Claims Under the Convention = 117
III. Final Introductory Thoughts = 120
CHAPTER 4: USING THE RULES OF TREATY INTERPRETATION TO DETERMINE AND EXPAND THE PROTECTIVE SCOPE OF CONVENTION PROVISIONS = 125
A The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: Article 31 = 126
B Article 29 of American Convention = 132
CHAPTER 5: ESTABLISHING STATE RESPONSIBILITY: DUTY TO RESPECT, DUTY TO ENSURE, AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PROGRESSIVITY (ARTICLES 1, 2 & 26) = 155
I. Duty to Respect (Art. 1) = 159
II. Duty to Ensure (Arts. 1 & 2) = 160
III. Duty of Progressivity/Non-regressivity (Arts. 1 & 26) = 171
IV. An Illustrative List: Breaching State Obligations (Arts. 1, 2 & 26) = 187
CHAPTER 6: “INDIRECT APPROACH”: USING PROCEDURAL RIGHTS TO PROTECT ESCR = 193
I. Right to Non-Discrimination & Equal Protection of the Law (Arts. 1 & 24) = 194
II. Right to Judicial Protection (Art. 25) = 206
III. Right to Due Process (Art. 8) = 217
CHAPTER 7: “INTEGRATION APPROACH”: BUILDING ESCR INTO PROTECTED CONVENTION RIGHTS = 233
I. Right to Recognition of Legal Personality (Art. 3) = 234
II. Right to Life (Art. 4) = 238
III. Right to Personal Integrity (Art. 5) = 259
IV. Freedom from Forced Labor (Art. 6) = 269
V. Right to Personal Liberty & Security (Art. 7) = 278
VI. Right to Privacy (Art. 11).Inviolability of Home = 287
VII. Freedom of Conscience & Religion (Art. 12) = 293
VIII. Freedom of Thought & Expression (Art. 13) = 295
IX. Right of Assembly (Art. 15) = 310
X. Freedom of Association (Art. 16).Labor Union Rights = 313
XI. Rights of the Child (Art. 19) = 315
XI. Right to Property (Art. 21).Right to Housing, Land, & Social Assistance = 320
XII. Freedom of Movement & Residence (Art. 22) = 331
CHAPTER 8: “ARTICLE 26 APPROACH”: INVOKING THE ESCR IMPLICIT IN THE OAS CHARTER = 335
I. Defining the Protected Rights Articulated in Article 26 = 338
II. Elements for Establishing a Violation of an Article 26 Right = 344
III. The “Article 26 Approach” Versus the “Integration Approach” = 346
CHAPTER 9: “COMPLEX VIOLATIONS APPROACH” = 351
CHAPTER 10: ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PREPARING A CASE = 361
I. Supporting the Petition: Evidentiary Considerations = 362
II. Precautionary and Provisional Remedies = 371
III. Resolving the Petition Before Judgment = 372
IV. Remedies Stage (Art. 63) = 376
V. Enforcement of Remedies = 391
VI. Class Actions = 391
VII. Requests for Interpretation = 393
VIII. Advisory Opinions = 393
APPENDIX A: Standard Petition Form = 401
APPENDIX B: Model Petition = 407
APPENDIX C: American Convention on Human Rights = 439
APPENDIX D: Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the area of economic, social and cultural rights, “Protocol of San Salvador” = 465