Introduction = 3
The ‘Culture of Silence’ = 4
Defining Gender-based violence = 4
Forms of Gender-based Violence and Their Consequences = 6
Bias in Infancy & Early Childhoo: The Case of the 'Missing' Girls = 6
Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents = 6
Female Genital Mutilation = 7
Child Marriage = 8
Adolescence = 8
Reproductive Years = 10
Rape & Coerced Pregnancy = 11
Rape in Wartime = 12
Post-menopausal Years = 12
Effects on Sexual and Reproductive Health Decision-making = 13
A Deterrent to Using Reproductive Health & Family Planning Services = 13
Sexually Transmitted Diseases = 13
Effects on the Economics of Reproductive Health and Family Planning Service Delivery = 14
Policy Reform Process = 16
Developing National Policy = 17
Building a Knowledge Base = 18
Reproductive & Sexual Health = 19
Information, Education & Communication & Advocacy = 21
References = 24
The ‘Culture of Silence’ = 4
Defining Gender-based violence = 4
Forms of Gender-based Violence and Their Consequences = 6
Bias in Infancy & Early Childhoo: The Case of the 'Missing' Girls = 6
Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents = 6
Female Genital Mutilation = 7
Child Marriage = 8
Adolescence = 8
Reproductive Years = 10
Rape & Coerced Pregnancy = 11
Rape in Wartime = 12
Post-menopausal Years = 12
Effects on Sexual and Reproductive Health Decision-making = 13
A Deterrent to Using Reproductive Health & Family Planning Services = 13
Sexually Transmitted Diseases = 13
Effects on the Economics of Reproductive Health and Family Planning Service Delivery = 14
Policy Reform Process = 16
Developing National Policy = 17
Building a Knowledge Base = 18
Reproductive & Sexual Health = 19
Information, Education & Communication & Advocacy = 21
References = 24